A choropleth map is a map that has been colored to represent the magnitude of a data value. The color or shade of the area indicates that the region is within a particular range of values as indicated in the key or legend.
A category map is a map that has been colored or shaded according to a data category. This is usually used for data that falls into distinct categories which are described in the legend.
A point map indicates the geographic location of specific points. Points are plotted by their latitude and longitude and can be labelled as required.
A pattern fill map is a map where each region is filled with an image or pattern. This can be used to make a visually interesting map that can capture the attention of the audience.